Napoleon III 1808 - 1873.

Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was son of Louis Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon 1 and King of Holland and Hortense Beauharnais. He was imprissoned after making two failed attempts on the French throne, but escaped to England in 1846. He was elected President after the 1848 revolution. He assumed the title of Emperor and married Spanish countess, Eugénie de Montijo de Guzman. They had one son, the Prince Imperial, Eugène Louis Jean Joseph Napoleon.

France enjoyed economic growth under Napoleon III as the Second Empire embarked on conflicts in the Crimea, China, Italy and intervention in Mexico during 1861 - 1867. He was finally defeated after declaring war on Prussia and was exiled in England in 1871.